Welcome - I suppose the first question is “what is it you want to achieve overall”? Depending on that using the API may not be the best course of action! (e.g. if you just want “the data” in spreadsheet form the Companies House Bulk data products may be more appropriate).
You can search this forum using the “magnifying glass” icon at the top left. If you do so for “salesforce” you’ll find there are already various questions / topics covered:
https://forum.aws.chdev.org/search?q=salesforce
The error you’re getting there is odd - however I’m not sure you’re using curl correctly. The curl command you’ve posted should look like the following (where MY_API_KEY is the API key you’ve obtained when you registered) (no need to specify X GET either - that’s a default):
curl -u MY_API_KEY: https://api.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/12387654
Note the colon immediately following the API key.
If you’re connecting from Windows unless you’re running on a server you will probably need to use the localhost workaround since Companies House checks that you’re calling from a registered IP address or (if calling via AJAX e.g. from javascript) a registered domain name. You also want to use a “live” application not test / sandbox (you can change this in the app registration settings).
To understand how the API works I recommend reading the documentation, starting here for an overview:
https://developer-specs.company-information.service.gov.uk/guides/index
There are several pages covering the basics.
There is then more detailed information on the various APIs at:
https://developer-specs.company-information.service.gov.uk/
It seems you want the Public Data API here.
There’s a good short third-party overview produced by another site user here:
https://chguide.co.uk/
Good luck